Operative Techniques in Surgery

Operative Techniques in Surgery is a new comprehensive, 2-volume surgical atlas that helps you master a full range of general surgical procedures. Ideal for residents as well as experienced surgeons, it guides you step-by-step through each technique using concise, bulleted text, full-color illustrations, and intraoperative photographs to clarify exactly what to look for and how to proceed. Key Features Coverage includes open as well as laparoscopic, endoscopic, and endovascular procedures in gastrointestinal, thoracic, esophageal, colorectal, hepatobiliary, breast, endocrine, dermatologic, and vascular surgery. Discussion of each procedure follows the same format: differential diagnosis, patient history and physical findings, imaging and other diagnostic studies, surgical management, techniques, pearls and pitfalls, postoperative care, outcomes, and complications. A focus on the steps of each technique rapidly directs you to the information you need to choose the right approach for each patient, perform it successfully, and achieve the best possible results. Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, offering tablet, smartphone, or online access to: Complete content with enhanced navigation that can be accessed anywhere, even without a data connection A powerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links to find information instantly Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text The ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use Table Of Contents Volume 1 Part 1 Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery Section I Trachea 1 Open Tracheostomy Sam T. Windham, III and John Christopher McAuliffe 2 Cricothyroidotomy Sam T. Windham, III 3 Tracheostomy: Endoscopic Sam T. Windham, III 4 Tracheal Resection and Reconstruction Alexander T. Hillel and William Grist Section II Lung 5 Lobectomy: Open Awad El-Ashry and Robert J. Cerfolio 6 Lobectomy: Thoracoscopic Tyler Grenda and Jules Lin 7 Lobectomy: Robotic Tyler Grenda and Jules Lin 8 Pneumonectomy: Open Christopher R. Morse and Cameron T. Stock Section III Mediastinum 9 Thymectomy Jason Leonard Muesse and Shanda Haley Blackmon 10 Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy Brett Broussard, Douglas Minnich, and Benjamin Wei 11 Mediastinoscopy James Wiseman and Shanda Haley Blackmon Section IV Esophagus 12 Cricopharyngeal Diverticulum: Open Repair William R. Carroll and Kirk P. Withrow 13 Cricopharyngeal Diverticulum: Endoscopic Repair Kirk P. Withrow and William R. Carroll 14 Epiphrenic Diverticulum Treatment Ryan Levy, Catherine Go, Ryan A. Macke, Peter Ferson, and James D. Luketich 15 Long Myotomy for Diffuse Esophageal Spasm David D. Odell and James D. Luketich 16 Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy and Anterior Fundoplication for Esophageal Achalasia Marco E. Allaix and Marco G. Patti Section V Diaphragm 17 Repair of Congenital Defects: Morgagni Diaphragmatic Hernia Scott A. Anderson and Mike K. Chen 18 Repair of Congenital Defects: Bochdalek Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Scott A. Anderson and Mike K. Chen Section VI Treatment of Paraesophageal Hernias 19 Paraesophageal Hernia Repair: Laparoscopic Technique John G. Hunter and Mark J. Eichler 20 Collis Gastroplasty John G. Hunter and Mark J. Eichler 21 Transthoracic Hiatal Hernia Repair Jules Lin and Mark Orringer Section VII Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux 22 Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Elizabeth A. Warner and Brant K. Oelschlager 23 Laparoscopic Mesh Hiatal Hernia Repair Ellen H. Morrow and Brant K. Oelschlager 24 Redo Fundoplication C. Daniel Smith 25 Laparoscopic Partial Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Marco E. Allaix and Marco G. Patti 26 The Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease W. Scott Melvin and Luke M. Funk Section VIII Treatment of Barrets Esophagus and Early Esophageal Cancer 27 Radiofrequency Ablation of Barrett’s Esophagus Shajan Peter, C. Mel Wilcox, and Klaus Mönkemüller 28 Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Barrett Neoplasia Shajan Peter, C. Mel Wilcox, and Klaus Mönkemüller Section IX Treatment of Esophageal Cancer 29 Esophagectomy: Transhiatal and Reconstruction Robert E. Glasgow 30 Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Robert E. Merritt 31 Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Benjamin Wei, Robert J. Cerfolio, and Mary T. Hawn Section X Treatment of Esophageal Perforation 32 Treatment of Esophageal Perforation: Cervical, Thoracic, and Abdominal Nathalie Boutet and Moishe Liberman Part 2 Operative Techniques in Gastrointestinal Surgery Section I Surgery of the Abdominal Wall 1 Inguinal Hernia: Open Approaches Michael D. Paul and Kamal M. F. Itani 2 Inguinal Hernia: Laparoscopic Approaches Benjamin K. Poulose, Michael D. Holzman, and Rebeccah B. Baucom 3 Incisional Hernia: Open Approaches Mark D. Sawyer and Michael G. Sarr 4 Incisional Hernia: Laparoscopic Approaches Todd Heniford and Kristopher Williams 5 Incisional Hernia Repair: Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Options Michael J. Rosen 6 Parastomal Hernia Melissa M. Alvarez-Downing and Susan M. Cera 7 Umbilical, Epigastric, Spigelian, and Lumbar Hernias Filip Muysoms Section II Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum 8 Vagotomy: Truncal and Highly Selective Mary T. Hawn, George A. Sarosi Jr., and Ashley Augspurger Davis 9 Drainage Procedures: Pyloromyotomy, Pyloroplasty, Gastrojejunostomy George A. Sarosi, Jr. 10 Antrectomy J. Spencer Liles and John D. Christein 11 Subtotal Gastrectomy for Cancer Vikas Dudeja, Patrick G. Jackson, and Waddah B. Al-Refaie 12 Minimally Invasive Total Gastrectomy Elliot Newman and Marcovalerio Melis 13 Minimally Invasive Distal Gastrectomy John K. Saunders and Marcovalerio Melis 14 Proximal Gastrectomy Sushanth Reddy and Martin J. Heslin 15 Total Gastrectomy for Cancer Vikas Dudeja, Eugene A. Choi, and Waddah B. Al-Refaie 16 Gastrostomy John Daniel Hunter, III and John Roland Porterfi eld, Jr. 17 Feeding Jejunostomy John Daniel Hunter, III and John Roland Porterfi eld, Jr. Section 3 Bariatric Operations 18 Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Elizabeth A. Dovec and Ronald H. Clements 19 Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Ozanan R. Meireles, Eric G. Sheu, and Matthew M. Hutter 20 Laparoscopic Gastric Band Darren S. Tishler and Pavlos K. Papasavas Part 3 Operative Techniques in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Section I Surgery of the Biliary System 1 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Georgios Rossidis 2 Open Cholecystectomy Sean P. Montgomery and Preston B. Rich 3 Radical Cholecystectomy Richard J. Bold 4 Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Shailendra S. Chauhan 5 Intraoperative Cholangiogram Chasen A. Croft and Dawood G. Dalaly 6 Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Imaging and Intervention Brian S. Geller 7 Surgically Assisted Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatoscopy Kfi r Ben-David and Steven J. Hughes 8 Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy Shawnn Nichols and Mark Bloomston 9 Minimally Invasive Choledochojejunostomy Janak Parikh, C. Max Schmidt, and Eugene P. Ceppa 10 Choledochoduodenostomy Katherine A. Morgan and David B. Adams 11 Resection of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma Ryan T. Groeschl and T. Clark Gamblin 12 Intrahepatic Biliary-Enteric Anastomosis Reid B. Adams and Victor Zaydfudim 13 Operative Management of Choledochal Cyst Charles S. Cox, Jr. and Robert Hetz 14 Operative Treatment of Biliary Atresia Charles S. Cox, Jr. and Robert Hetz Section II Surgery of the Liver 15 Surgical Anatomy of the Liver Teviah Sachs and Timothy M. Pawlik 16 Intraoperative Ultrasound of the Liver Kristopher Croome and KMarie Reid Lombardo 17 Fenestration or Enucleation of Hepatic Cystic Disease Purvi Y. Parikh 18 Surgical Management of Hepatic Trauma Walter L. Biffl and Carlton C. Barnett, Jr. 19 Hepatic Neoplasm Ablation and Related Technology Ido Nachmany and Ravit Geva 20 Catheter-Based Treatment of Hepatic Neoplasms Darren W. Postoak 21 Segmental Hepatectomy Neil H. Bhayani, Eric T. Kimchi, and Niraj J. Gusani 22 Minimally Invasive Sectional and Segmental Hepatic Resection Kevin T. Nguyen 23 Right Hepatectomy Neil H. Bhayani, Niraj J. Gusani, and Kevin Staveley-O’Carroll 24 Minimally Invasive Right Hepatectomy Shirin Sabbaghian and Allan Tsung 25 Left Hepatic Lobectomy Jon S. Cardinal 26 Minimally Invasive Left Hepatic Lobectomy Trang K. Nguyen and Amer H. Zureikat 27 Robotic Liver Resection Mohammad Khreiss, Allan Tsung, and David L. Bartlett 28 Central Hepatectomy Aijun Li and Mengchao Wu 29 Vena Cava Resection during Hepatectomy Aijun Li and Mengchao Wu 30 Right Hepatic Trisegmentectomy Ivan R. Zendejas 31 Left Hepatic Trisectionectomy Jason A. Castellanos and Kamran Idrees Section III Surgery of the Pancreas 32 Endoscopic Ultrasonography of the Pancreas Anand R. Gupte, Disaya Chavalitdhamrong, and Mihir S. Wagh 33 Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Resection George VanBuren, II and William E. Fisher 34 Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Minimally Invasive Resection Song Cheol Kim and Ki Byung Song 35 Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Robotic-Assisted Resection Brian A. Boone and Herbert J. Zeh 36 Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Pancreaticojejunostomy Charles M. Vollmer 37 Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Pancreaticogastrostomy Laureano Fernández-Cruz 38 Laparoscopic Pancreaticojejunostomy Steven J. Hughes 39 Portal Vein Resection and Reconstruction Steven J. Hughes and Kevin E. Behrns 40 Open Distal Pancreatectomy Susanne G. Warner and Rebecca M. Minter 41 Minimally Invasive Distal Pancreatectomy Paul D. Hansen and W. Cory Johnston 42 Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenic Preservation Adam S. Brinkman and Sharon M. Weber 43 Central Pancreatectomy Daniel J. Delitto and Jose G. Trevino 44 Ampullectomy and Transduodenal Sphincteroplasty Bharath D. Nath and Tara S. Kent 45 Enucleation of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Megan B. Anderson, Christopher D. Raeburn, and Barish H. Edil 46 Operative Treatment of Gastrinoma Jason A. Castellanos and Nipun B. Merchant 47 Lateral Pancreaticojejunostomy with (Frey) or without (Puestow) Resection of the Pancreatic Head Kevin E. Behrns and Jose G. Trevino 48 Enteric Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocysts: Pancreatic Cyst Gastrostomy and Cyst Jejunostomy Kenneth K. W. Lee 49 Pancreatic Debridement Nicholas J. Zyromski 50 Laparoscopic Pancreatic Debridement O. Joe Hines and Kathleen Hertzer 51 Endoscopic Pancreatic Debridement and Drainage Udayakumar Navaneethan and Andres Gelrud Section 4 Surgery of the Spleen 52 Splenectomy (Open and Laparoscopic Techniques) Vanessa Cranford, Janeen R. Jordan, and Frederick A. Moore 53 Splenorrhaphy Shawn D. Larson and Saleem Islam Volume Two Part 4 Operative Techniques in Colon and Rectal Surgery Section I Surgery of the Small Intestine 1 Laparoscopic Small Bowel Resection Oliver Varban 2 Strictureplasty and Small Bowel Bypass in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Douglas W. Jones and Kelly A. Garrett 3 Surgical Management of Enterocutaneous Fistula William Sanchez 4 End and Diverting Loop Ileostomies: Creation and Reversal Kathrin Mayer Troppmann 5 Jejunostomy Tube Rebecca L. Wiatrek and Lillian S. Kao Section II Surgery of the Colon, Appendix, Rectum, and Anus 6 Appendectomy: Open Technique James Suliburk and David Berger 7 Appendectomy: Laparoscopic Technique Roosevelt Fajardo 8 Appendectomy: Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery Technique Reshma Brahmbhatt and Mike K. Liang 9 Right Hemicolectomy: Open Technique Somala Mohammed, Kathleen R. Liscum, and Eric J. Silberfein 10 Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy Craig A. Messick, Joshua S. Hill, and George J. Chang 11 Right Hemicolectomy: Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Technique Matthew Albert and Harsha Polavarapu 12 Right Hemicolectomy: Single-Incision Laparoscopic Technique Theodoros Voloyiannis 13 Transverse Colectomy: Open Technique Y. Nancy You 14 Laparoscopic Transverse Colectomy Govind Nandakumar and Sang W. Lee 15 Transverse Colectomy: Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Technique Daniel Albo 16 Left Colectomy for Colon Cancer Saul J. Rugeles and Luis Jorge Lombana 17 Left Hemicolectomy: Laparoscopic Technique Erik Askenasy 18 Left Hemicolectomy: Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Technique Steven A. Lee-Kong and Daniel L. Feingold 19 Sigmoid Colectomy: Open Technique Wayne A. I. Frederick, Tolulope Oyetunji, and Shiva Seetahal 20 Sigmoid Colectomy: Laparoscopic Technique Arden M. Morris 21 Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy Daniel A. Anaya and Daniel Albo 22 Sigmoid Colectomy: Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery Technique Rodrigo Pedraza and Eric M. Haas 23 Surgical Management of Complicated Diverticulitis: Perforation and Colovesical Fistula Scott E. Regenbogen 24 Total Abdominal Colectomy: Open Technique Tarik Sammour and Andrew G. Hill 25 Total Abdominal Colectomy: Laparoscopic Technique Matthew G. Mutch 26 Total Abdominal Colectomy: Hand-Assisted Technique Daniel Albo Section III Rectal Resections 27 Low Anterior Resection and Total Mesorectal Excision/Coloanal Anastomosis: Open Technique Konstantinos I. Votanopoulos and Jaime L. Bohl 28 Low Anterior Rectal Resection: Laparoscopic Technique Joël Leroy, Didier Mutter, and Jacques Marescaux 29 Low Anterior Resection: Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Technique Matthew G. Mutch 30 Low Anterior Rectal Resection: Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Technique Mehraneh D. Jafari and Alessio Pigazzi 31 Total Mesorectal Excision with Coloanal Anastomosis: Laparoscopic Technique John H Marks and Elsa B. Valsdottir 32 Abdominoperineal Resection: Open Technique Curtis J. Wray and Stefanos G. Millas 33 Abdominoperineal Resection: Laparoscopic Technique Joël Leroy, Didier Mutter, and Jacques Marescaux 34 Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection Daniel Albo 35 Abdominoperineal Resection: Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Technique Rodrigo Pedraza and Eric M. Haas 36 Restorative Proctocolectomy: Open Technique (Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis) Hasan T. Kirat and Feza H. Remzi 37 Restorative Proctocolectomy: Single-Incision Laparoscopic Technique (Including Pouch Ileoanal Anastomosis) Theodoros Voloyiannis 38 Restorative Proctocolectomy: Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Robert R. Cima 39 Pelvic Exenteration Cherry E. Koh and Michael J. Solomon 40 Transanal Excision of Rectal Tumors Ryan M. Thomas and Barry Feig 41 Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery Margaret V. Shields and John H Marks 42 Transanal Single Port Excision of Rectal Lesions Avo Artinyan and Daniel Albo 43 Laparoscopic Diverting Colostomies: Formation and Reversal David Taylor and Andrew Stevenson 44 Surgical Management of Hemorrhoids Bidhan Das 45 Surgical Management of Anal Fissures Daniel Albo 46 Operative Treatment of Rectal Prolapse: Perineal Approach (Altemeier and Modified Delorme Procedures) Valerie Bauer 47 Operative Treatment of Rectal Prolapse: Transabdominal Approach Karin M. Hardiman 48 Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Surface Dissemination of Colorectal Cancer Reese W. Randle, Konstantinos I. Votanopoulos, Edward A. Levine, Perry Shen, and John H. Stewart, IV Part 5 Operative Techniques in Breast, Endocrine, and Oncologic Surgery Section I Breast Surgery 1 Fine Needle Aspiration of a Breast Mass Judy C. Pang and Claire W. Michael 2 Wire Localized Breast Biopsy Michael S. Sabel 3 Subareolar Duct Excision Amy C. Degnim 4 Cryoablation of Breast Fibroadenomas Cary S. Kaufman 5 Lumpectomy for Breast Cancer Michael S. Sabel 6 Oncoplastic Breast Surgery Kristine E. Calhoun and Benjamin O. Anderson 7 Brachytherapy Catheter Insertion for Breast Cancer Peter D. Beitsch 8 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer Anees B. Chagpar 9 Internal Mammary Sentinel Node Biopsy A. Marilyn Leitch 10 Simple Mastectomy Michael S. Sabel and Lisa Newman 11 Skin-Sparing and Nipple/ Areolar-Sparing Mastectomy Eleni Tousimis and Rache Simmons 12 Modifi ed Radical Mastectomy Tiffany A. Torstenson and Judy C. Boughey 13 Techniques for Correcting Lumpectomy Defects Julie E. Park, Jonathan Bank, and David H. Song Section II Breast Reconstruction 14 Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction Amy S. Colwell 15 Two-Stage Implant Breast Reconstruction Eric G. Halvorson 16 Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy Frank Fang and Adeyiza O. Momoh 17 Pedicled Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap Breast Reconstruction Dale Collins Vidal and Emily B. Ridgway 18 Free Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous Flap Reconstruction after Mastectomy Maurice Y. Nahabedian and Ketan M. Patel 19 Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy Adeyiza O. Momoh 20 Nipple–Areolar Reconstruction Anita R. Kulkarni, Amy K. Alderman, and Andrea L. Pusic 21 Reduction Mammoplasty Sebastian Winocour and Valerie Lemaine Section III Melanoma 22 Wide Excision of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma Russell S. Berman and Jeffrey E. Gershenwald 23 Advancement and Rotational Flaps Jeffrey H. Kozlow 24 Skin Grafts David L. Brown 25 Digit Amputations Steven C. Haase 26 Resection of Head and Neck Melanoma Scott A. Mclean 27 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Melanoma Merrick I. Ross and Michael Kim 28 Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma Michael S. Sabel 29 Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection (Inguinofemoral and Ilioinguinal) for Metastatic Melanoma Amod A. Sarnaik and Vernon K. Sondak 30 Minimally Invasive Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma James W. Jakub 31 Selective Neck Dissection for Melanoma Vasu Divi 32 Popliteal Dissection Glenda G. Callender and Kelly M. McMasters 33 Isolated Limb Infusion Jeffrey J. Sussman and Joseph S. Giglia 34 Isolated Limb Perfusion Omgo E. Nieweg, Oscar E. Imhof, and Bin B. R. Kroon Section IV Endocrine 35 Thyroid Lobectomy Amy C. Fox and Paul G. Gauger 36 Total Thyroidectomy Saïd C. Azoury and Martha A. Zeiger 37 Thyroidectomy for Substernal Goiters Andrew G. Shuman and Ashok R. Shaha 38 Subtotal Thyroidectomy for Graves’ Disease Edwin L. Kaplan and Raymon H. Grogan 39 Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy Paolo Miccoli and Gabriele Materazzi 40 Lymph Node Dissection in Thyroid Cancer Gerard M. Doherty 41 Open Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism Christopher R. McHenry 42 Subtotal Parathyroidectomy or Total with Autologous Graft Brian D. Saunders 43 Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy Peter Angelos and Raymon H. Grogan 44 Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy by Lateral Approach Jean-François Henry 45 Reoperative Parathyroidectomy Barnard J. A. Palmer and William B. Inabnet, III 46 Adrenalectomy: Open Anterior Barbra S. Miller 47 Adrenalectomy: Open Thoracoabdominal Barbra S. Miller 48 Adrenalectomy: Open Posterior 1763 Barbra S. Miller 49 Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy Michael G. Johnston and James A. Lee 50 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy—Lateral Approach Geoffrey B. Thompson and Anna Kundel 51 Insulinomas Douglas L. Fraker 52 Surgery for Glucagonoma Richard A. Prinz and Catherine A. Madorin Part 6 Operative Techniques in Vascular Surgery Section I Cerebrovascular Arterial Surgery/Intervention 1 Arch and Great Vessel Reconstruction with Debranching Techniques W. Anthony Lee and Alexander Kulik 2 Extrathoracic Revascularization (Carotid–Carotid, Carotid–Subclavian Bypass and Transposition) Edward Y. Woo and Scott M. Damrauer 3 Carotid Surgery: Interposition/Endarterectomy (Including Eversion)/Ligation Vinit N. Varu and Wei Zhou 4 Carotid Surgery: Bifurcation Stenting with Distal Protection Zhen S. Huang and Darren B. Schneider 5 Carotid Surgery: Distal Exposure and Control Techniques and Complication Management Cheong J. Lee 6 Vertebral Transposition Techniques and Stenting Mark D. Morasch Section II Management of the Thoracic Outlet 7 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Exposure and Decompression: Supraclavicular Robert W. Thompson and Chandu Vemuri 28 Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma Michael S. Sabel 29 Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection (Inguinofemoral and Ilioinguinal) for Metastatic Melanoma Amod A. Sarnaik and Vernon K. Sondak 30 Minimally Invasive Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma James W. Jakub 31 Selective Neck Dissection for Melanoma Vasu Divi 32 Popliteal Dissection Glenda G. Callender and Kelly M. McMasters 33 Isolated Limb Infusion Jeffrey J. Sussman and Joseph S. Giglia 34 Isolated Limb Perfusion Omgo E. Nieweg, Oscar E. Imhof, and Bin B. R. Kroon Section IV Endocrine 35 Thyroid Lobectomy Amy C. Fox and Paul G. Gauger 36 Total Thyroidectomy Saïd C. Azoury and Martha A. Zeiger 37 Thyroidectomy for Substernal Goiters Andrew G. Shuman and Ashok R. Shaha 38 Subtotal Thyroidectomy for Graves’ Disease Edwin L. Kaplan and Raymon H. Grogan 39 Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy Paolo Miccoli and Gabriele Materazzi 40 Lymph Node Dissection in Thyroid Cancer Gerard M. Doherty 41 Open Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism Christopher R. McHenry 42 Subtotal Parathyroidectomy or Total with Autologous Graft Brian D. Saunders 43 Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy Peter Angelos and Raymon H. Grogan 44 Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy by Lateral Approach Jean-François Henry 45 Reoperative Parathyroidectomy Barnard J. A. Palmer and William B. Inabnet, III 46 Adrenalectomy: Open Anterior Barbra S. Miller 47 Adrenalectomy: Open Thoracoabdominal Barbra S. Miller 48 Adrenalectomy: Open Posterior Barbra S. Miller 49 Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy Michael G. Johnston and James A. Lee 50 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy—Lateral Approach Geoffrey B. Thompson and Anna Kundel 51 Insulinomas Douglas L. Fraker 52 Surgery for Glucagonoma Richard A. Prinz and Catherine A. Madorin Part 6 Operative Techniques in Vascular Surgery Section I Cerebrovascular Arterial Surgery/ Intervention 1 Arch and Great Vessel Reconstruction with Debranching Techniques W. Anthony Lee and Alexander Kulik 2 Extrathoracic Revascularization (Carotid–Carotid, Carotid–Subclavian Bypass and Transposition) Edward Y. Woo and Scott M. Damrauer 3 Carotid Surgery: Interposition/Endarterectomy (Including Eversion)/Ligation Vinit N. Varu and Wei Zhou 4 Carotid Surgery: Bifurcation Stenting with Distal Protection Zhen S. Huang and Darren B. Schneider 5 Carotid Surgery: Distal Exposure and Control Techniques and Complication Management Cheong J. Lee 6 Vertebral Transposition Techniques and Stenting Mark D. Morasch Section II Management of the Thoracic Outlet 7 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Exposure and Decompression: Supraclavicular Robert W. Thompson and Chandu Vemuri 30 Percutaneous Femoral–Popliteal Reconstruction Techniques: Antegrade Approaches F. Gallardo Pedrajas and Peter A. Schneider 31 Maximizing Vein Conduit for Autogenous Bypass Gregory J. Landry 32 Tibial Interventions: Tibial-Specific Angioplasty Considerations and Retrograde Approaches Georges E. Al Khoury and Rabih A. Chaer 33 Perimalleolar Bypass and Hybrid Techniques Geetha Jeyabalan and Rabih A. Chaer Section IX Surgical Management of Venous Disease 34 Acute Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis and May-Thurner Syndrome: Surgical and Interventional Management Sharon C. Kiang and Brian G. DeRubertis