Neonatology Case-Based Review

As a pediatric subspecialty, neonatology poses a special challenge for residents: rotations are short, but care for preterm and critically ill patients is complex. Despite residents brief exposure to neonatology, they're expected to have a good understanding of key concepts, diagnoses and therapies when they sit for the boards. Attendings often struggle with how best to teach these concepts, because residents don't always have exposure to the range of babies they need to see to have a good foundation in this area. Neonatology Case-Based Review addresses this information gap by presenting 112 case-based multiple-choice questions in neonatology. Cases are mapped to the American Board of Pediatrics Content Specifications for pediatric residents; the Review is appropriate for residents entering their neonatology rotation, as an introduction to the subspecialty, and again as they study for their boards. Answers include rationales so that the Review is a comprehensive teaching guide for attendings as well.

Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Case 1. Maternal serum screening
Case 2. Prenatal ultrasonography
Case 3. Invasive prenatal genetic testing
Case 4. Fetal assessment
Case 5. Effects of maternal diabetes mellitus
Case 6. Effects of maternal lupus
Case 7. Maternal medications
Case 8. Maternal substance use
Case 9. Delivery room assessment
Case 10. Delivery room resuscitation
Case 11. Small for gestational age infant
Case 12. Initial care of the premature infant

II. Respiratory
Case 1. Ventilator management
Case 2. Apnea
Case 3. Stridor
Case 4. Surfactant deficiency
Case 5. Pulmonary air leaks
Case 6. Meconium aspiration syndrome
Case 7. Congenital pneumonia
Case 8. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Case 9. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Case 10. Tracheoesophageal fistula
Case 11. Congenital malformations of the lung

III. Cardiology
Case 1. Congenital heart disease
Case 2. Cyanosis
Case 3. Cardiogenic shock
Case 4. Hypovolemic shock
Case 5. Cyanotic heart disease: Diagnosis and management
Case 6. Cyanotic heart disease: Outcomes
Case 7. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Case 8. Arrhythmias

IV. Neurology
Case 1. Head growth
Case 2. Brachial plexus injury at birth
Case 3. Seizures
Case 4. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Case 5. Intracranial hemorrhage
Case 6. Neonatal encephalopathy

V. Musculoskeletal
Case 1. Clubfoot
Case 2. Developmental dysplasia of the hips
Case 3. Torticollis
Case 4. Arthrogryposis
Case 5. Osteogenesis imperfecta
Case 6. Achondroplasia
Case 7. Klippel-Feil syndrome

VI. Genetics
Case 1. Postnatal genetic testing
Case 2. Inheritance patterns
Case 3. Autosomal trisomy syndromes
Case 4. Turner syndrome
Case 5. Klinefelter syndrome
Case 6. Genetic associations
Case 7. Contiguous gene syndromes
Case 8. Treacher Collins syndrome and Pierre-Robin sequence

VII. Infectious Diseases
Case 1. Sepsis
Case 2. Group B Streptococcus
Case 3. Herpes simplex virus
Case 4. Respiratory syncytial virus
Case 5. Hepatitis B virus
Case 6. Syphilis
Case 7. Toxoplasmosis
Case 8. Human immunodeficiency virus
Case 9. Cytomegalovirus
Case 10. Immunizations

VIII. Fluids, Electrolytes, and Nutrition
Case 1. Fluid, caloric and nutritional requirements
Case 2. Acidosis and alkalosis
Case 3. Electrolyte abnormalities
Case 4. Mineral deficiencies
Case 5. Vitamin deficiencies
Case 6. Breastfeeding
Case 7. Formula feeding

IX. Renal
Case 1. Anuria in a newborn
Case 2. Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Case 3. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Case 4. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Case 5. Renal agenesis
Case 6. Abnormalities of the collecting system, kidney, and bladder
Case 7. Posterior urethral valves

X. Gastroenterology
Case 1. Stooling pattern in neonates
Case 2. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Case 3. Necrotizing enterocolitis
Case 4. Intestinal obstruction
Case 5. Anterior abdominal wall defects
Case 6. Biliary atresia

XI. Hematology
Case 1. Hematocrit and anemia of prematurity
Case 2. Polycythemia
Case 3. Bilirubin metabolism
Case 4. Physiologic jaundice
Case 5. Nonphysiologic jaundice
Case 6. Kernicterus
Case 7. Thrombocytopenia
Case 8. Coagulation disorders
Case 9. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

XII. Endocrinology
Case 1. Hypothyroidism
Case 2. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Case 3. Abnormal male genitalia
Case 4. Female genital findings

XIII. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Case 1. Newborn screening
Case 2. Phenylketonuria

XIV. Neurosensory
Case 1. Ophthalmologic prophylaxis
Case 2. Congenital glaucoma and cataracts
Case 3. Retinoblastoma
Case 4. Retinopathy of prematurity
Case 5. Hearing screening

XV. Dermatology
Case 1. Pigmentary and vascular lesions
Case 2. Benign pustular lesions

XVI. Thermoregulation
Case 1. Temperature control

XVII. Pharmacology
Case 1. Aminoglycosides
Case 2. Beta-lactam antibiotics
Case 3. Diuretics

XVIII. Ethics
Case 1. Maternal/fetal conflicts
Case 2. Imperiled newborns

XIX. Discharge Planning
Case 1. Newborn discharge from the hospital
Case 2. SIDS-prevention

REVIEW-URI