Hip Sonography Diagnosis and Management of Infant Hip Dysplasia

This book is a practice-oriented manual teaching the successful examination technique developed and taught by the author known as "Graf's technique". The book is based on the author's experience of more than 20 years. It is easy to read and provides a real "hands-on" manual giving numerous practical tips. The book includes the fundamentals of hip sonography, static as well as dynamic techniques, anatomical identification of the echograms, typing, a measurement technique and usability check. The book also contains an atlas including a summary of the essential data and demonstrating correct and incorrect sonograms in different variations.

Table of contents

Equipment for hip ultrasound. Image projection. Anatomy and ultrasound of the normal infant hip joint. Ultrasound characteristics of the different tissues in the region of the hip joint. The proximal femur in hip ultrasound. Femoral head. The acetabulum. The standard plane. The problem of the variable bone coverage of the femoral head. Identifying the anatomy and checking the landmarks and tilting effects. Checking a hip sonogram. Definition of types. Differentiation between ossification and degeneration. Ultrasound classification. Systematic reporting of a sonogram. Measurement technique. Classification using the sonometer. Classification in premature infants. Certainty of the diagnosis. Summary of the principal differences between elasticity and (pathological) instability. The terminology of dislocation. Scanning technique.