Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements

The Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements presents peer-reviewed, objective entries that rigorously examine the most significant scientific research, and thereby provides evidence-based information on the major vitamin and mineral micronutrients, single herbs and botanicals, phytochemicals, and other bioactive preparations. Offered as a scientific checkpoint for the many over-the-counter supplements carried in today’s nutritional-products marketplace, the second edition of this authoritative reference work presents new chapters and updated, objective entries that integrate basic chemical, preclinical, and clinical data into a comprehensive form useful to a broad spectrum of healthcare professionals, researchers and educated, health-conscious consumers. Edited by the leaders of the Office of Dietary Supplements and other sections of the National Institutes of Health, this text is the definitive guide for anyone interested in a scientific and balanced presentation of both the science behind and the possible benefits (or not) of dietary supplements. 1. The Challenges of Dietary Supplement Research and Considerations for Future Studies 2. S-Adenosylmethionine 3. Aloe Vera 4. Androstenedione 5. L-Arginine 6. Astragalus 7. Bilberry 8. Biotin 9. Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) 10. Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) 11. Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) 12. Boron 13. Caffeine 14. Calcium 15. L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, and Proprionyl-L-Carnitine 16. β-Carotene 17. Carotenoids Overview 18. Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) 19. Chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus) 20. Choline 21. Chondroitin 22. Chromium 23. Coenzyme Q10 24. Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) 25. Copper 26. Cordyceps 27. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Aiton 28. Creatine 29. Dang Gui (Angelica sinensis) 30. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 31. Echinacea 32. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) 33. Eleuthero 34. Ephedra (Ma Huang) 35. Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) 36. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) 37. Flaxseed 38. Folate 39. French Maritime Pine Bark Extract 40. Garcinia cambogia 41. Garlic (Allium sativum) 42. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) 43. Ginkgo biloba 44. Ginseng, American (Panax quinquefolium) 45. Ginseng, Asian (Panax ginseng) 46. Glucosamine 47. Glutamine 48. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) 49. Grape Seed Extract 50. Green Tea Polyphenols 51. Hawthorn (Crataegus) 52. 5-Hydroxytryptophan 53. Iron 54. Isoflavones 55. Isothiocyanates 56. Kava (Piper methysticum) 57. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria 58. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) 59. α-Lipoic Acid/Thioctic Acid 60. Lutein 61. Lycopene 62. Maca (Lepidium meyenii) 63. Magnesium 64. Melatonin 65. Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) 66. Niacin 67. Noni (Morinda citrifolia) 68. Omega-3 Fatty Acids 69. Omega-6 Fatty Acids 70. Pancreatic Enzymes 71. Pantothenic Acid 72. Pau d'Arco or Lapacho (Tabebuia) 73. Phosphorus 74. Polyphenols Overview 75. Proanthocyanidins 76. Pygeum africanum Extract 77. Quercetin 78. Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) 79. Reishi or Ling Zhi (Ganoderma lucidum) 80. Riboflavin 81. Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) 82. Selenium 83. Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) 84. St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) 85. Taurine 86. Thiamin 87. Turmeric 88. Valerian 89. Vitamin A 90. Vitamin B6 91. Vitamin B12 92. Vitamin C 93. Vitamin D 94. Vitamin E 95. Vitamin K 96. Yohimbe (Pausinystalia johimbe) 97. Zinc