Comprehensive Treatment of Chronic Pain by Medical, Interventional, and Behavioral Approaches

Comprehensive treatment of all aspects of pain medicine
Written and edited by highly esteemed members of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
Numerous interventional procedures highlighted with full color, high quality illustrations

Edited by master clinician-experts appointed by the American Academy of Pain Medicine, this is a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary textbook covering medical, interventional, and integrative approaches to the treatment and management of pain. It is designed as a practical and comprehensive primary reference for busy physicians and is also an up-to-date resource for preparing for certification examinations in pain medicine.



· Written and edited by world-class authorities

· “Key Points” preview contents of each chapter

· Leading edge medical topics, such as monitoring opioid use and abuse, and the emerging role of cannabinoids in pain treatment

· Expert guidance on full range of interventional techniques

· Clinical anatomy and physiology for the interventionist

· Behavioral dimensions of the experience and management of pain

· Integrative approaches for treating the “whole person”

· Legal issues, such as failure to treat pain

· First-hand patient accounts

TABLE OF CONTENTS



Foreword

By Perry G. Fine, MD



Foreword

By Rollin M. Gallagher, MD, MPH



Preface

By Timothy R. Deer, MD



Acknowledgements



Contributors List





Part I: Medical Approaches

Section Editor: V. Gordin



1. A survey of systems involved in nociceptive processing

By Tony L. Yaksh, and Ashley J. Wiese



2. Pharmacogenomics of Pain Management

By Piotr K. Janicki



3. Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

By Asokumar Buvanendran



4. The Role of Anti-depressants in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

By Beth B. Murinson



5. Anticonvulsant medications for treatment of neuropathic and “functional” pain

By Bruce Nicholson



6. NMDA Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Pain

By Yakov Vorobeychik, Channing D. Willoughby, and Jianren Mao



7. Role of Muscle Relaxants in the Treatment of Pain

By Robert I. Cohen, and Carol A. Warfield



8. Topical Analgesics

By Charles E. Argoff, Manpreet Kaur, and Kelly Donnelly



9. Sleep Aids

By Howard S. Smith



10. Clinical Use of Opioids

By Andrea Trescot



11. Opioid adverse effects and opioid-induced hypogonadism

By Saloni Sharma, and David M. Giampetro



12. Acute Management of the Opioid Dependent Patient

By Brandi A. Bottiger, Denny Orme, and Vitaly Gordin



13. Opioids and the law

By Selina Read, and Jill Eckert



14. Methadone for Chronic Pain

By Naileshni Singh, Scott M. Fishman, and Kyle Tokarz



15. Toxicology Screening for Opioids

By Gary L. Horowitz



16. Monitoring Drug Use and Abuse – The Evolution of a Paradigm

By Steven D. Passik, and Kenneth L. Kirsh



17. Polypharmacy and drug interaction

By Christopher A. Steel, and Jill Eckert



18. Role of Cannabinoids in Pain Management

By Ethan B. Russo, and Andrea G. Hohmann



19. The Future of Pain Pharmacotherapy

By Iwona Bonney, and Daniel B. Carr



Part II: Interventional Approaches: Anatomy and Physiology of Pain

Section Editors: A. Buvanendran, S. Panchal, P. Kim



20. Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of Pain

By Adam Burkey



21. Spinal Targets for Interventional Pain Management

By Lawrence R. Poree, and Linda L. Wolbers



22. Functional Anatomy and Imaging of the Spine

By John C. Keel, and Gary J. Brenner



Part III: Interventional Approaches: Neural Blockade and Neurolysis Blocks

Section Editors: A. Buvanendran, S. Panchal, P. Kim



23. Local Anesthetics

By Michael S. Leong, and B. Todd Sitzman



24. Neurolytic Agents

By Erin F. Lawson, and Mark S. Wallace


25. Cryoanalgesia

By Michael S. Leong, Philip S. Kim, and Lloyd Saberski



26. Radiofrequency: Conventional and Pulsed

By Maunak V. Rana



27. Atlanto-Axial and Atlanto-Occipital Joints Injection in the treatment of Headaches and Neck Pain

By Samer M. Narouze



28. Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block

By Michael S. Leong, Mark P. Gjolaj, and Raymond R. Gaeta



29. Occipital Nerve Block

By Garret K. Morris, and Michael S. Leong



30. Neural Blockade for Trigeminal Neuralgia

By Ali Mchaourab, and Abdallah I. Kabbara

31. Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block

By Kenneth D. Candido, and George C. Chang-Chien



32. Cervical Plexus Block

By Gerald A. Matchett, and Sean Mackey



33. Stellate Ganglion Block

By Mehul Sekhadia, Kiran K. Chekka, and Honorio T. Benzon



34. Epidural (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Caudal) Block/Injections

By Nirmala R. Abraham, Ignacio Badiola, and Thuong Vo



35. Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections

By Todd B. Sitzman



36. Facet Injections and Radiofrequency Denervation

By Sunil J. Panchal



37. Intercostal Nerve Block

By Eduardo M. Fraifeld



38. Intrapleural Catheters

By Kevin E. Vorenkamp, and Lynn R. Kohan



39. Epidural Lysis of Adhesions: Percutaneous and Endoscopic Techniques

By Timothy Y. Ko, and Salim M. Hayek



40. Thoracic and Lumbar Sympathetic Nerve Block and Neurolysis

By Tim J. Lamer, and Jason S. Eldrige



41. Celiac Plexus, Splanchnic Nerve Block and Neurolysis

By Melinda M. Lawrence, Salim M. Hayek, and Joshua D. Goldner


42. Superior Hypogastric Plexus, Ganglion Impar Blocks and Neurolysis

By Bryan S. Williams



43. Peripheral Neurolysis

By Beth Mintzer, and Jagan Devarajan



44. Central Neuraxial Neurolysis

By Beth Mintzer, and Jagan Devarajan



45. Provocative Discography

By Irina Melnik, Richard Derby, and Ray M. Baker



46. Brachial Plexus Block

By Chester Buckenmaier III



47. Suprascapular Nerve Block

By Brian Belnap, and Gagan Mahajan


48. Intradiscal annuloplasty for the treatment of discogenic pain

By Leonardo Kapural



49. Percutaneous Disc Decompression

By Stanley Golovac, Salim M. Hayek, and Fnu Kailash



50. The Racz Procedure: Lysis of Epidural Adhesions (Percutaneous Neuroplasty)

By Gabor B. Racz, Miles R. Day, James E. Heavner, and Jeffrey P. Smith



51. Sacroiliac Joint Injection and Radiofrequency Denervation

By Sunil Panchal



52. Vertebral Augmentation: Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty

By Philip S. Kim



53. Piriformis Injection

By Nathan J. Harrison, and Gagan Mahajan


54. Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Painful Conditions

By Robert Gerwin



55. Emerging Imaging Tools for Interventional Pain

By Marc A. Huntoon



Part IV: Interventional Approaches: Neuromodulation

Section Editors: A. Buvanendran, S. Panchal, P. Kim



56. A History of Neurostimulation

By Jeffrey Peterson, and Timothy R. Deer



57. Stimulation of the Peripheral Nerve and Peripheral Nerve Field

By Jason E. Pope, Timothy R. Deer, Eric J. Grigsby, and Philip S. Kim



58. Spinal Cord Stimulation

By Porter McRoberts, Daniel M. Doleys, and Kevin Cairns



59. Brain Stimulation for Pain

By Konstantin V. Slavin



60. Motor Cortex Stimulation

By Chima O.Oluigbo, Mariel Szapiel, Alexander Taghva, and Ali R. Rezai



61. Intrathecal Drug Delivery for Control of Pain

By Brian M. Bruel, Mitchell P. Engle, Richard L. Rauck, Thomas J. Weber, and Leonardo Kapural



62. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Radicular Pain and Low Back Pain

By Thomas L. Yearwood



63. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Neurostimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

By Michael Stanton-Hicks



64. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Section on Angina and Peripheral Vascular Disease

By Marte A. Martinez, and Robert D. Foreman



65. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Spinal Cord Stimulation for Abdominal Pain

By Leonardo Kapural, and Marc D. Yelle



66. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventional Techniques

By Krishna Kumar, Syed Rizvi, Sharon Bishop, and Mariam Abbas



67. Neurosurgical Techniques for Pain Management

By Hendrick Klopper, and Kenneth A. Follett



68. Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Treatment of Post Herpetic Neuralgia

By Stanley Golovac, and Louis Raso



69. Complications of Interventional Pain Management Techniques

By Marco Araujo, and Dermot More O’Ferrall



Part V: Integrative Approaches

Section Editors: A. Ray



70. Pain as a Perceptual Experience

By Albert Ray, Rhonwyn Ullmann, and Michael C. Francis



71. Neuroplasticity, Sensitization, and Pain

By Albert Ray



72. Muscle Pain Treatment

By Norman Marcus, and Jason Ough



73. Addictive Disorders and Pain

By Lynn Webster, and Stuart Gitlow



74. The “Five-minute” Mental Status Examination of Persons with Pain

By J. David Haddox, and Barry Kerner



75. The Psychological Assessment of Patients with Chronic Pain

By Daniel Bruns, and John Mark Disorbio



76. Psychological Therapies

By Leanne R. Cianfrini, Cady Block, and Daniel M. Doleys



77. Billing Psychological Services for Patients with Chronic Pain

By Geralyn Datz, and Daniel Bruns



78. Hypnosis and Pain Control

By David Spiegel



79. Acupuncture

By Ji-Sheng Han



80. Manual Therapies
By John F. Barnes, Albert Ray, and Rhonwyn Ullmann



81. Treatment of Chronic Painful Musculoskeletal Injuries and Diseases with Regenerative Injection Therapy (RIT): Regenerative Injection Therapy Principles and Practice

By Felix S. Linetsky, Håkan Alfredson, David Crane, and Christopher J. Centeno



82. Interdisciplinary Functional Restoration and Pain Programs

By Steve Feinberg, Robert J. Gatchel, Steve Stanos, Rachel Feinberg, and Valerie Johnston-Montieth



83. Pain and Spirituality

By Allen R. Dyer, and Richard L. Stieg



84. Pain Disparity: Assessment and Traditional Medicine

By September Williams



85. Sleep and Chronic Pain

By Nicole Y. K. Tang, Claire E. Goodchild, and Lynn R. Webster



86. Empowerment: A Caregiver’s Perspective

By Julia Hallisy



87. Patient and Caregiver’s Perspective

By Heidi Stokes



88. Pain Medicine in Older Adults: How Should It Differ?

By Deborah K. Weiner, Jordan F. Karp, Cheryl Bernstein, and Natalia E. Morone



89. Pain Medicine and Primary Care: The Evolution of a Population-based Approach to Chronic Pain as a Public Health Problem

By Rollin M. Gallagher



90. Pain Care Beyond the Medical Practice Office: Utilizing Patient Advocacy, Education, and Support Organizations

By William Rowe



91. Neonatal Pain
By Celeste Johnston, Marsha Campbell-Yeo, Ananda Fernandes, and Manon Ranger



92. Assessing Disability in the Pain Patient

By Steve D. Feinberg, and Christopher R. Brigham



93. The Double Effect: In Theory and In Practice

By Lynn R. Webster, and Beth Dove



94. Failure to Treat Pain

By Kenneth L. Kirsh, Steven D. Passik, and Ben A. Rich







31. Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block

By Kenneth D. Candido, and George C. Chang-Chien



32. Cervical Plexus Block

By Gerald A. Matchett, and Sean Mackey



33. Stellate Ganglion Block

By Mehul Sekhadia, Kiran K. Chekka, and Honorio T. Benzon



34. Epidural (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Caudal) Block/Injections

By Nirmala R. Abraham, Ignacio Badiola, and Thuong Vo



35. Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections

By Todd B. Sitzman



36. Facet Injections and Radiofrequency Denervation

By Sunil J. Panchal



37. Intercostal Nerve Block

By Eduardo M. Fraifeld



38. Intrapleural Catheters

By Kevin E. Vorenkamp, and Lynn R. Kohan



39. Epidural Lysis of Adhesions: Percutaneous and Endoscopic Techniques

By Timothy Y. Ko, and Salim M. Hayek



40. Thoracic and Lumbar Sympathetic Nerve Block and Neurolysis

By Tim J. Lamer, and Jason S. Eldrige



41. Celiac Plexus, Splanchnic Nerve Block and Neurolysis

By Melinda M. Lawrence, Salim M. Hayek, and Joshua D. Goldner



42. Superior Hypogastric Plexus, Ganglion Impar Blocks and Neurolysis

By Bryan S. Williams



43. Peripheral Neurolysis

By Beth Mintzer, and Jagan Devarajan



44. Central Neuraxial Neurolysis

By Beth Mintzer, and Jagan Devarajan



45. Provocative Discography

By Irina Melnik, Richard Derby, and Ray M. Baker



46. Brachial Plexus Block

By Chester Buckenmaier III



47. Suprascapular Nerve Block

By Brian Belnap, and Gagan Mahajan



48. Intradiscal annuloplasty for the treatment of discogenic pain

By Leonardo Kapural



49. Percutaneous Disc Decompression

By Stanley Golovac, Salim M. Hayek, and Fnu Kailash



50. The Racz Procedure: Lysis of Epidural Adhesions (Percutaneous Neuroplasty)

By Gabor B. Racz, Miles R. Day, James E. Heavner, and Jeffrey P. Smith



51. Sacroiliac Joint Injection and Radiofrequency Denervation

By Sunil Panchal



52. Vertebral Augmentation: Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty

By Philip S. Kim



53. Piriformis Injection

By Nathan J. Harrison, and Gagan Mahajan



54. Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Painful Conditions

By Robert Gerwin



55. Emerging Imaging Tools for Interventional Pain

By Marc A. Huntoon



Part IV: Interventional Approaches: Neuromodulation

Section Editors: A. Buvanendran, S. Panchal, P. Kim



56. A History of Neurostimulation

By Jeffrey Peterson, and Timothy R. Deer



57. Stimulation of the Peripheral Nerve and Peripheral Nerve Field

By Jason E. Pope, Timothy R. Deer, Eric J. Grigsby, and Philip S. Kim



58. Spinal Cord Stimulation

By Porter McRoberts, Daniel M. Doleys, and Kevin Cairns



59. Brain Stimulation for Pain

By Konstantin V. Slavin



60. Motor Cortex Stimulation

By Chima O.Oluigbo, Mariel Szapiel, Alexander Taghva, and Ali R. Rezai



61. Intrathecal Drug Delivery for Control of Pain

By Brian M. Bruel, Mitchell P. Engle, Richard L. Rauck, Thomas J. Weber, and Leonardo Kapural



62. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Radicular Pain and Low Back Pain

By Thomas L. Yearwood



63. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Neurostimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

By Michael Stanton-Hicks



64. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Section on Angina and Peripheral Vascular Disease

By Marte A. Martinez, and Robert D. Foreman



65. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Spinal Cord Stimulation for Abdominal Pain

By Leonardo Kapural, and Marc D. Yelle


66. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventional Techniques

By Krishna Kumar, Syed Rizvi, Sharon Bishop, and Mariam Abbas



67. Neurosurgical Techniques for Pain Management

By Hendrick Klopper, and Kenneth A. Follett



68. Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Treatment of Post Herpetic Neuralgia

By Stanley Golovac, and Louis Raso



69. Complications of Interventional Pain Management Techniques

By Marco Araujo, and Dermot More O’Ferrall



Part V: Integrative Approaches

Section Editors: A. Ray



70. Pain as a Perceptual Experience
By Albert Ray, Rhonwyn Ullmann, and Michael C. Francis



71. Neuroplasticity, Sensitization, and Pain

By Albert Ray



72. Muscle Pain Treatment

By Norman Marcus, and Jason Ough



73. Addictive Disorders and Pain

By Lynn Webster, and Stuart Gitlow



74. The “Five-minute” Mental Status Examination of Persons with Pain

By J. David Haddox, and Barry Kerner



75. The Psychological Assessment of Patients with Chronic Pain

By Daniel Bruns, and John Mark Disorbio



76. Psychological Therapies
By Leanne R. Cianfrini, Cady Block, and Daniel M. Doleys



77. Billing Psychological Services for Patients with Chronic Pain

By Geralyn Datz, and Daniel Bruns



78. Hypnosis and Pain Control

By David Spiegel



79. Acupuncture

By Ji-Sheng Han



80. Manual Therapies

By John F. Barnes, Albert Ray, and Rhonwyn Ullmann



81. Treatment of Chronic Painful Musculoskeletal Injuries and Diseases with Regenerative Injection Therapy (RIT): Regenerative Injection Therapy Principles and Practice

By Felix S. Linetsky, Håkan Alfredson, David Crane, and Christopher J. Centeno



82. Interdisciplinary Functional Restoration and Pain Programs

By Steve Feinberg, Robert J. Gatchel, Steve Stanos, Rachel Feinberg, and Valerie Johnston-Montieth



83. Pain and Spirituality

By Allen R. Dyer, and Richard L. Stieg



84. Pain Disparity: Assessment and Traditional Medicine

By September Williams



85. Sleep and Chronic Pain

By Nicole Y. K. Tang, Claire E. Goodchild, and Lynn R. Webster



86. Empowerment: A Caregiver’s Perspective

By Julia Hallisy



87. Patient and Caregiver’s Perspective

By Heidi Stokes



88. Pain Medicine in Older Adults: How Should It Differ?

By Deborah K. Weiner, Jordan F. Karp, Cheryl Bernstein, and Natalia E. Morone



89. Pain Medicine and Primary Care: The Evolution of a Population-based Approach to Chronic Pain as a Public Health Problem

By Rollin M. Gallagher



90. Pain Care Beyond the Medical Practice Office: Utilizing Patient Advocacy, Education, and Support Organizations

By William Rowe



91. Neonatal Pain

By Celeste Johnston, Marsha Campbell-Yeo, Ananda Fernandes, and Manon Ranger



92. Assessing Disability in the Pain Patient

By Steve D. Feinberg, and Christopher R. Brigham



93. The Double Effect: In Theory and In Practice

By Lynn R. Webster, and Beth Dove


94. Failure to Treat Pain

By Kenneth L. Kirsh, Steven D. Passik, and Ben A. Rich





By Kenneth D. Candido, and George C. Chang-Chien



32. Cervical Plexus Block

By Gerald A. Matchett, and Sean Mackey



33. Stellate Ganglion Block

By Mehul Sekhadia, Kiran K. Chekka, and Honorio T. Benzon



34. Epidural (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Caudal) Block/Injections

By Nirmala R. Abraham, Ignacio Badiola, and Thuong Vo



35. Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections

By Todd B. Sitzman


36. Facet Injections and Radiofrequency Denervation

By Sunil J. Panchal



37. Intercostal Nerve Block

By Eduardo M. Fraifeld



38. Intrapleural Catheters

By Kevin E. Vorenkamp, and Lynn R. Kohan



39. Epidural Lysis of Adhesions: Percutaneous and Endoscopic Techniques

By Timothy Y. Ko, and Salim M. Hayek



40. Thoracic and Lumbar Sympathetic Nerve Block and Neurolysis

By Tim J. Lamer, and Jason S. Eldrige



41. Celiac Plexus, Splanchnic Nerve Block and Neurolysis

By Melinda M. Lawrence, Salim M. Hayek, and Joshua D. Goldner



42. Superior Hypogastric Plexus, Ganglion Impar Blocks and Neurolysis

By Bryan S. Williams



43. Peripheral Neurolysis

By Beth Mintzer, and Jagan Devarajan



44. Central Neuraxial Neurolysis

By Beth Mintzer, and Jagan Devarajan



45. Provocative Discography

By Irina Melnik, Richard Derby, and Ray M. Baker



46. Brachial Plexus Block

By Chester Buckenmaier III



47. Suprascapular Nerve Block
By Brian Belnap, and Gagan Mahajan



48. Intradiscal annuloplasty for the treatment of discogenic pain

By Leonardo Kapural



49. Percutaneous Disc Decompression

By Stanley Golovac, Salim M. Hayek, and Fnu Kailash



50. The Racz Procedure: Lysis of Epidural Adhesions (Percutaneous Neuroplasty)

By Gabor B. Racz, Miles R. Day, James E. Heavner, and Jeffrey P. Smith



51. Sacroiliac Joint Injection and Radiofrequency Denervation

By Sunil Panchal



52. Vertebral Augmentation: Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty

By Philip S. Kim



53. Piriformis Injection

By Nathan J. Harrison, and Gagan Mahajan



54. Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Painful Conditions

By Robert Gerwin



55. Emerging Imaging Tools for Interventional Pain

By Marc A. Huntoon



Part IV: Interventional Approaches: Neuromodulation

Section Editors: A. Buvanendran, S. Panchal, P. Kim



56. A History of Neurostimulation

By Jeffrey Peterson, and Timothy R. Deer



57. Stimulation of the Peripheral Nerve and Peripheral Nerve Field

By Jason E. Pope, Timothy R. Deer, Eric J. Grigsby, and Philip S. Kim



58. Spinal Cord Stimulation

By Porter McRoberts, Daniel M. Doleys, and Kevin Cairns



59. Brain Stimulation for Pain

By Konstantin V. Slavin



60. Motor Cortex Stimulation

By Chima O.Oluigbo, Mariel Szapiel, Alexander Taghva, and Ali R. Rezai



61. Intrathecal Drug Delivery for Control of Pain

By Brian M. Bruel, Mitchell P. Engle, Richard L. Rauck, Thomas J. Weber, and Leonardo Kapural



62. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Radicular Pain and Low Back Pain

By Thomas L. Yearwood



63. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Neurostimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
By Michael Stanton-Hicks



64. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Section on Angina and Peripheral Vascular Disease

By Marte A. Martinez, and Robert D. Foreman



65. Clinical Applications of Neuromodulation: Spinal Cord Stimulation for Abdominal Pain

By Leonardo Kapural, and Marc D. Yelle



66. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventional Techniques

By Krishna Kumar, Syed Rizvi, Sharon Bishop, and Mariam Abbas



67. Neurosurgical Techniques for Pain Management

By Hendrick Klopper, and Kenneth A. Follett



68. Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Treatment of Post Herpetic Neuralgia

By Stanley Golovac, and Louis Raso



69. Complications of Interventional Pain Management Techniques

By Marco Araujo, and Dermot More O’Ferrall



Part V: Integrative Approaches

Section Editors: A. Ray



70. Pain as a Perceptual Experience

By Albert Ray, Rhonwyn Ullmann, and Michael C. Francis



71. Neuroplasticity, Sensitization, and Pain

By Albert Ray



72. Muscle Pain Treatment

By Norman Marcus, and Jason Ough



73. Addictive Disorders and Pain

By Lynn Webster, and Stuart Gitlow



74. The “Five-minute” Mental Status Examination of Persons with Pain

By J. David Haddox, and Barry Kerner



75. The Psychological Assessment of Patients with Chronic Pain

By Daniel Bruns, and John Mark Disorbio



76. Psychological Therapies

By Leanne R. Cianfrini, Cady Block, and Daniel M. Doleys



77. Billing Psychological Services for Patients with Chronic Pain

By Geralyn Datz, and Daniel Bruns



78. Hypnosis and Pain Control

By David Spiegel



79. Acupuncture

By Ji-Sheng Han



80. Manual Therapies

By John F. Barnes, Albert Ray, and Rhonwyn Ullmann



81. Treatment of Chronic Painful Musculoskeletal Injuries and Diseases with Regenerative Injection Therapy (RIT): Regenerative Injection Therapy Principles and Practice

By Felix S. Linetsky, Håkan Alfredson, David Crane, and Christopher J. Centeno



82. Interdisciplinary Functional Restoration and Pain Programs

By Steve Feinberg, Robert J. Gatchel, Steve Stanos, Rachel Feinberg, and Valerie Johnston-Montieth



83. Pain and Spirituality

By Allen R. Dyer, and Richard L. Stieg



84. Pain Disparity: Assessment and Traditional Medicine

By September Williams


85. Sleep and Chronic Pain

By Nicole Y. K. Tang, Claire E. Goodchild, and Lynn R. Webster



86. Empowerment: A Caregiver’s Perspective

By Julia Hallisy



87. Patient and Caregiver’s Perspective

By Heidi Stokes



88. Pain Medicine in Older Adults: How Should It Differ?

By Deborah K. Weiner, Jordan F. Karp, Cheryl Bernstein, and Natalia E. Morone



89. Pain Medicine and Primary Care: The Evolution of a Population-based Approach to Chronic Pain as a Public Health Problem

By Rollin M. Gallagher



90. Pain Care Beyond the Medical Practice Office: Utilizing Patient Advocacy, Education, and Support Organizations

By William Rowe



91. Neonatal Pain

By Celeste Johnston, Marsha Campbell-Yeo, Ananda Fernandes, and Manon Ranger



92. Assessing Disability in the Pain Patient

By Steve D. Feinberg, and Christopher R. Brigham



93. The Double Effect: In Theory and In Practice

By Lynn R. Webster, and Beth Dove



94. Failure to Treat Pain

By Kenneth L. Kirsh, Steven D. Passik, and Ben A. Rich

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