Bioactive Peptides

This title critically appraises the Efficacy of Bioactive Peptides. This title uses evidence from Human Clinical Trials & Animal Models. Chronic illnesses, injury, or infections produce a decline in muscle massa - leading to delayed recovery, more post-treatment complications, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. Therefore, ensuring adequate lean body mass is of major concern in health care. Presenting data from human studies and trials, along with recent research findings, "Bioactive Peptides: Applications for Improving Nutrition and Health" summarizes the applications, and benefits of bioactive peptides used to mitigate major metabolic derangements that arise from chronic illnesses and result in unwanted weight loss. It reviews the latest theories explaining Muscle Loss and Accretion During Illness & Infection. In chapters one through five, the book presents the background science on the relationship between illness and muscle weight loss, highlighting bioactive peptides' ability to enhance the body's antioxidant status, antisepsis capacity, immune function, anti-inflammatory capacity, growth potential, and appetite. The chapters six through nine deal with the use of bioactive peptides to modify aspects of the host response to illness, including inflammation, antimicrobial activity, anabolic dysfunction, and anorexia. This state-of-the-art reference also includes case studies on aging, AIDS, COPD, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, kidney failure, and tuberculosis. It is a valuable resource for dieticians, doctors, nutritionists, and manufacturers of medical foods, tube feeds, supplements, and nutraceuticals.
Contents

Nutrition and the Host Response to Infection and Injury Nutrition and Illness Host Response to Injury Unintended Weight Loss Multimodal Nutritional Support Using Bioactive Peptides Summary and Conclusions References Bioactive Peptides for Nutrition and Health Legislation Bioactive Peptides and Proteins Applications of Protein Supplements for Health Perspectives on Human Trial Data Summary and Conclusions Appendices References Dietary Protein Requirements for Health Introduction Dietary Protein Quality Relation to Health Protein Requirements and Health Dietary Protein and Host Responses to Illness Peptides and Protein Bioactivity Types of Dietary Protein Health Effects Summary and Conclusion Appendices References Protein Turnover and Economics within the Body Protein Turnover and Wasting Baseline Whole Body Protein Turnover Regional Protein Turnover Nutrients and Protein Turnover Slow and Fast Proteins Summary and Conclusions References Major Processes for Muscle Gain and Loss Introduction Myostatin Muscle Cell Death and Atrophy Proteolysis via Ubiquitin Proteasome Further Signaling Pathways for Muscle Atrophy Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Hypertrophy Summary and Conclusions Appendix 5.A.1 Details of mTOR Signaling References Inflammation and Innate Immune Response Types of Inflammation Proinflammatory Signaling Anti-Inflammatory Bioactive Peptides and Supplements In Vivo Applications and Controlled Trials Summary and Conclusions References Infection and Sepsis Introduction Pathogen Recognition and Intracellular Signaling Host Antimicrobial Peptides Functions of Antimicrobial Peptides In Vivo Applications and Human-Trials of AMPs Summary and Conclusions References Anabolic Dysfunction Introduction Insulin and Muscle Protein Metabolism Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Growth Hormone Secretagogues Leucine, BCAA, and Related Peptides In Vivo Applications and Clinical Trials References Bioactive Peptides for Alleviating Illness Anorexia Illness Anorexia Leptin and Food Intake Melanocortin Peptides Ghrelin Other Bioactive Peptides for Moderating Appetite In Vivo Studies and Controlled Trials Summary and Conclusions References

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