50 Studies Every Doctor Should Know, The Key Studies that Form the Foundation of Evidence Based Medicine

The majority of the study summaries have been reviewed for accuracy by the original study authors Each chapter starts with a quotation putting the findings in context Each study is supplemented by a clinical case which allows readers to apply research findings to real-world situations Review questions and answers are included 50 Studies Every Doctor Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of medicine. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics ranging from dieting to cardiovascular disease, insomnia to obstetrics. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. Brief information on other relevant studies is provided, and an illustrative clinical case concludes each review. A section of review questions and answers is included at the back of the book to ensure that readers take away the key messages from each study. This book is a must-read for health care professionals and anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice. Section 1: Preventive Medicine 1. Preventing Diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program 2. A Comparison of Different Dieting Strategies 3. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: The Physicians' Health Study and the Women's Health Study 4. Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: The Women's Health Initiative 5. The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) 6. The Cochrane Review of Screening Mammography 7. The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: The Future II Trial Section 2: Internal Medicine 8. Arrhythmia Suppression Following Myocardial Infarction: The CAST Trial 9. Choosing First-Line Therapy for Hypertension: The ALLHAT Trial 10. Statins in Healthy Patients with an Elevated C-Reactive Protein: The JUPITER Trial 11. Rate vs. Rhythm Control for Atrial Fibrillation: The AFFIRM Trial 12. Lenient vs. Strict Heart Rate Control for Atrial Fibrillation: The RACE II Trial 13. Beta-Blockers for Systolic Heart Failure: The MERIT-HF Trial 14. Initial Treatment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The COURAGE Trial 15. Treating Elevated Blood Sugar Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 16. Intensive vs. Conservative Blood Sugar Control for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The ACCORD Trial 17. The African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) 18. Early vs. Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients with HIV: The NA-ACCORD Study 19. Early vs. Late Initiation of Dialysis: The IDEAL Trial 20. Early Goal-Directed Therapy in Sepsis 21. Red Cell Transfusion in Critically Ill Patients: The TRICC Trial 22. Pulmonary Artery Catheters in Critically Ill Patients 23. Step-Up vs. Step-Down Therapy for Dyspepsia: The DIAMOND Trial 24. Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Section 3: Surgery 25. Perioperative Beta-Blockers in Non-Cardiac Surgery: The POISE Trial 26. Cardiac Stents vs. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Severe Coronary Artery Disease: The SYNTAX Trial 27. Carotid Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: The ACST Trial 28. A Trial of Arthroscopic Knee Surgery 29. Surgery vs. Rehabilitation for Chronic Low Back Pain: The MRC Spine Stabilization Trial 30. Mastectomy vs. Lumpectomy for Invasive Breast Cancer: The B-06 Trial 31. Long Term Impact of Bariatric Surgery: The Swedish Obese Subjects Study Section 4: Obstetrics 32. The Canadian Multicenter Post-term Pregnancy Trial (CMPPT) 33. Antepartum Glucocorticoids in Premature Labor Section 5: Pediatrics 34. Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children 35. A Trial of Early Ear Tube Placement in Children 36. Inhaled Corticosteroids for Mild Persistent Asthma: The START Trial 37. The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA) 38. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination and Autism Section 6: Radiology 39. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Low Back Pain 40. Screening for Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Patients with Diabetes: The DIAD Study 41. Diagnosing Acute Pulmonary Embolism: The Christopher Study 42. Identifying Children with Low-Risk Head Injuries Who Do Not Require Computed Tomography Section 7: Neurology and Psychiatry 43. Thrombolysis 3 to 4. 5 Hours After an Acute Ischemic Stroke: The ECASS III Trial 44. Initial Treatment of Depression 45. Behavioral vs. Pharmacological Treatment for Insomnia in the Elderly Section 8: Systems Based Practice 46. The Group Health Medical Home Demonstration 47. A Program to Improve Care Coordination at Hospital Discharge: Project RED 48. Reducing Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infections in the Intensive Care Unit: The Keystone ICU Project 49. Early Palliative Care in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer 50. Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis in Baltimore Section 9: Study Questions and Answers